Water scarcity is becoming a critical global issue, leading to increasing tensions and potential conflicts between nations and communities. These disputes typically arise over shared water resources, particularly rivers and lakes that cross international boundaries.

Of the 276 transboundary lakes and rivers worldwide, less than half are governed by treaties, making them potential sources of conflict. These tensions often emerge when one nation constructs reservoirs, irrigation networks, or dams that affect water flow to neighboring countries.

Notable examples of water-related conflicts include:

• U.S.-Mexico disputes over the Rio Grande and Colorado River
• Middle Eastern conflicts involving ISIS's attempts to control water resources
• The 1967 Six-Day War, partially triggered by disputes over the Jordan River
• Recent tensions between Egypt and Ethiopia over Nile River dam construction

According to Pacific Institute's president Peter Gleick, water-related conflicts are likely to increase as competition for freshwater intensifies. While international disputes may be managed through diplomatic channels, local conflicts between farmers, cities, and ethnic groups are becoming more common.

These water-related tensions manifest in various forms:

• Disputes over water allocation
• Attacks on water infrastructure
• Use of water systems as weapons
• Development-related conflicts
• Regional resource competition

As global water demand continues to rise and climate change affects water availability, the potential for water-related conflicts becomes an increasingly significant concern for international security and stability.

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