Scotland's historic referendum on September 18, 2014, asked citizens a simple question: "Should Scotland be an independent country?" The outcome was decisive, with 55% voting to remain in the United Kingdom and 45% supporting independence.

The United Kingdom consists of:

• Great Britain (England, Wales, and Scotland)
• Northern Ireland

These four nations are united under Queen Elizabeth II as head of state, with representation in the U.K. Parliament. This union has existed since 1707, when the Union with Scotland Act formally joined Scotland and England.

The push for Scottish independence stemmed from political differences rather than pure nationalism. Scotland predominantly supports the Labour Party, while the U.K. government was led by the Conservative Party, creating tension over democratic representation.

The United Kingdom's historical achievements include:

• Building and dismantling an empire together
• Fighting fascism
• Establishing the welfare state
• Creating influential institutions like the BBC and Bank of England

Britain's global influence has declined since World War II, with the empire transforming into the Commonwealth of Nations - a group of 53 member countries sharing historical and cultural ties to Britain. The country faces ongoing challenges, including political divisions and changing international dynamics.

While Scotland remains part of the UK following the 2014 referendum, the British government has promised increased powers for the Scottish Parliament, reflecting the ongoing evolution of this historic union.

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